Immune peptides

12 peptides tagged immune. Each page carries the dosing reference, mechanism, evidence grade and references.

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  • Glutathione

    Endogenous tripeptide (Glu-Cys-Gly) and the main intracellular antioxidant, central to phase II detoxification and cellular redox defence.

    Evidence: Clinical

  • KPV

    C-terminal tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) of alpha-MSH; shown in animal and cell models to suppress NF-kB inflammatory signaling in gut and skin without pigmentation effects.

    Evidence: Preclinical

  • Larazotide

    Synthetic octapeptide (AT-1001) that blocks zonulin-mediated opening of intestinal tight junctions; tested in human celiac disease trials as an adjunct to a gluten-free diet.

    Evidence: Clinical

  • Livagen

    Khavinson-series synthetic tetrapeptide (KEDA) designed from liver peptide preparations; studied mainly in cultured lymphocytes from elderly donors and in rat hepatocytes.

    Evidence: Preclinical

  • LL-37

    The 37-residue human cathelicidin peptide, an innate-immune effector with broad antimicrobial activity; studied topically in human chronic wound-healing trials and as an immune modulator.

    Evidence: Clinical

  • PNC-27

    Synthetic 32-residue peptide joining p53 residues 12-26 to the penetratin cell-penetrating sequence; it lysed cancer cells but spared normal cells in vitro and prolonged survival in leukemic mice.

    Evidence: Preclinical

  • Thymagen

    Synthetic dipeptide EW (Glu-Trp), registered in Russia as Timogen; tested in the US as IM862 (oglufanide), where a phase III trial in AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma found no benefit over placebo.

    Evidence: Clinical

  • Thymalin

    Peptide extract of calf thymus, registered in Russia as a 10 mg injectable lyophilizate; its developers tested it as add-on therapy for COVID-19 in an open-label randomized trial (n=92).

    Evidence: Clinical

  • Thymosin Alpha-1

    28-residue thymic peptide (thymalfasin, Zadaxin) approved in over 30 countries for hepatitis B and C and as an immune adjuvant, with no US application on file; acts as an immune response modifier.

    Evidence: Clinical

  • Thymulin

    Zinc-bound nonapeptide hormone secreted by thymic epithelial cells; drives T-cell differentiation and shows immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in animal studies.

    Evidence: Preclinical

  • Vilon

    Khavinson-series synthetic dipeptide KE (Lys-Glu); in rodents it slowed induced bladder tumours but did not extend mouse lifespan, and it reactivated chromatin in lymphocytes from older donors.

    Evidence: Preclinical

  • VIP

    Vasoactive intestinal peptide, a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide acting at VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors; studied for vasodilation, immune modulation and neuroprotection.

    Evidence: Clinical

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