SLU-PP-332

Also known as: 4-Hydroxy-N'-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide, SR9861, CAS 303760-60-3, ERR pan-agonist 332

Evidence: Preclinical

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Overview

Small-molecule ERR-alpha/beta/gamma pan-agonist studied as an exercise mimetic; shown in mice to switch on exercise-like gene programs, raising fat oxidation and endurance.

SLU-PP-332 is a small-molecule pan-agonist of the estrogen-related receptors ERRalpha, beta and gamma, developed as a chemical tool and exercise mimetic. In the first report it activated all three isoforms with highest potency at ERRalpha, raised mitochondrial function and cellular respiration in a muscle cell line, and in mice increased type IIa oxidative fibres and treadmill endurance through an ERRalpha-dependent acute aerobic exercise gene program (Billon 2023). In diet-induced obese and ob/ob mice it raised energy expenditure and fat oxidation, reduced fat mass and improved insulin sensitivity (Billon 2024). It improved ejection fraction, fibrosis and survival in a mouse pressure-overload heart failure model (Xu 2024) and reduced mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging mouse kidney (Wang 2023). All in vivo data are rodent and intraperitoneal; no human trials exist.

Benefits

Increased fat oxidation, endurance capacity, metabolic support (rodent studies only)

Dosing reference

Research dose: 10-50 mg (vendor range; no published human or dose-finding data, and the compound is not orally bioavailable)
Range: 10000 to 50000 mcg, 1x daily
Reconstitution: 2 mL bacteriostatic water
Common vial sizes: 10 mg, 50 mg

Research chemical, not a peptide. All in vivo data are rodent and intraperitoneal (Billon 2023; Billon 2024). The compound is not orally bioavailable, which is why its developers built SLU-PP-915 (Billon 2026). No human pharmacokinetic, dose-finding or safety data exist, so any human dose is extrapolation. The 10-50 mg figures in this record are a vendor range with no published basis.

Mechanism

SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic agonist of the orphan nuclear receptors ERRalpha, ERRbeta and ERRgamma, with the highest potency at ERRalpha (Billon 2023). ERRs regulate genes for mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation and the Krebs cycle (Billon 2026). In a skeletal muscle cell line the compound raised mitochondrial function and cellular respiration, and in mice it induced an ERRalpha-specific acute aerobic exercise gene program; ERRalpha activation was required for the endurance effect, shown with knockouts (Billon 2023). In mouse heart, ERR agonism raised fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial gene expression (Xu 2024). Reported effects on PGC-1alpha coactivation are downstream observations in rodent and cell work, not a demonstrated binding target.

Evidence

Preclinical: animal or in vitro data only

Pan-ERR agonist with highest potency at ERRalpha; increased type IIa oxidative muscle fibres and treadmill endurance in mice, and the effect required ERRalpha (Billon et al., 2023)
In diet-induced obese and ob/ob mice, treatment raised energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation, reduced fat mass accumulation and improved insulin sensitivity (Billon et al., 2024)
Improved ejection fraction, reduced fibrosis and increased survival in mouse pressure-overload heart failure, without changing cardiac hypertrophy (Xu et al., 2024)
Reversed markers of mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the aging mouse kidney (Wang et al., 2023)
In myoblasts cultured from muscle biopsies of inactive women, treatment altered metabolic and mitochondrial markers in vitro (Bonanni et al., 2025)
Human-trial status: none. No clinical trial of SLU-PP-332 is registered or published; the compound lacks oral bioavailability and a successor, SLU-PP-915, was developed for that reason (Billon et al., 2026). Anti-doping laboratories have published detection methods, so it is treated as a doping agent (Möller et al., 2026; Avliyakulov et al., 2026)

References

Side effects

No human safety data of any kind. All in vivo work is rodent and intraperitoneal, and none of the published studies was designed as a toxicology study (Billon 2023; Billon 2024; Xu 2024). Human pharmacokinetics and the effects of sustained ERR agonism in humans are uncharacterised. The compound is not orally bioavailable (Billon 2026).

Storage

Storage: Refrigerate 2-8°C (36-46°F); general research-powder guidance, no compound-specific CoA located
Lyophilized: 2+ years at room temp, 3+ years refrigerated
Reconstituted: 28-30 days refrigerated

Pharmacology

Half-life: No half-life value published; the original report states only that intraperitoneal exposure in mice is sufficient to use the compound in vivo (Billon 2023). No human pharmacokinetic data.
Bioavailability: Not orally bioavailable; its developers state SLU-PP-332 'lacks oral bioavailability' and designed SLU-PP-915 to fix that (Billon 2026). Rodent studies dosed intraperitoneally (Billon 2023).
Molecular weight: 290.32 Da
Sequence: N/A - small molecule ERR agonist (not a peptide)